| S5259 |
β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN)
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Nicotinamide mononucleotide (β-NM, NMN), one of the key precursors of NAD+ and products of the NAMPT reaction, is converted to NAD+ by nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase.
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Nat Commun, 2025, 16(1):212
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MedComm (2020), 2025, 6(3):e70075
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PLoS Pathog, 2025, 21(5):e1013163
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| S9793 |
4-HNE (4-Hydroxynonenal)
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4-HNE (4-Hydroxynonenal) is one of the major end products of lipid peroxidation and has been widely accepted as an inducer of oxidative stress.
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Nat Commun, 2022, 13(1):5545
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| S5992 |
Heparan Sulfate
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Heparan sulfate (HS, Heparitin sulfate, Alpha-idosane, HHS 5, N-Acetylheparan Sulfate, Suleparoid, Tavidan), a constituent of HS proteoglycans (HSPGs), is a linear polysaccharide present on the cell surface. Heparan sulfate influences the binding affinity of intestinal epithelium cells (IECs) to Wnt, thereby promoting activation of canonical Wnt signaling and facilitating regeneration of small intestinal crypts after epithelial injury.
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Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev, 2025, 33(1):101426
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iScience, 2024, 27(6):110120
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bioRxiv, 2024, 2024.05.23.595417
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| S2935 |
Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride (NR-Cl)
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Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride is the chloride salt form of nicotinamide riboside (NR). NR is a new form of pyridine-nucleoside of vitamin B3 that functions as a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) or NAD+. Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride is a crystal form of Nicotinamide riboside (NR) chloride. Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride increases NAD[+] levels and activates SIRT1 and SIRT3, culminating in enhanced oxidative metabolism and protection against high fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities. Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride is used in dietary supplements.
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bioRxiv, 2025, 2025.07.10.663928
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bioRxiv, 2025, 2025.01.06.631511
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Front Physiol, 2023, 14:1164287
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| S5109 |
Ademetionine (S-Adenosylmethionine)
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Ademetionine (AdoMet, S-Adenosylmethionine, SAMe), also known as SAMe, is a specific form of the amino acid methionine known as S-adenosyl-methionine. It is essential for the formation of glutathione, a water-soluble peptide that helps the body fight free radicals.
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Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 2025, 18(9)1395
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J Oral Microbiol, 2024, 16(1):2292375
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Nat Metab, 2023, 10.1038/s42255-023-00861-4
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| S6010 |
Sodium L-lactate
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Sodium L-lactate is used as a food additive, preservative, acidity regulator and bulking agent.
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Cell Commun Signal, 2025, 23(1):104
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J Transl Med, 2025, 23(1):69
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EMBO Rep, 2024, 25(12):5599-5619
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| S1031 |
3-Hydroxybutyric acid (BHB acid)
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3-Hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) is a small molecule metabolite that is elevated in type I diabetes.
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BMC Med, 2022, 20(1):148
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| S1466 |
Calcitriol (1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3)
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Calcitriol is a nonselective vitamin D receptor activator/agonist (VDRA), exhibiting a 10-fold higher vitamin D receptor (VDR) binding affinity (IC50=0.4 nM) than the selective VDRA paricalcitol. Solutions are unstable and should be fresh-prepared.
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Cell Commun Signal, 2025, 23(1):104
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Cancer Sci, 2025, 116(7):1871-1882
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Cureus, 2025, 17(4):e82934
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| S2298 |
Fisetin
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Fisetin (Fustel) is a potent Sirtuin activating compound (STAC) and an agent that modulates sirtuins.
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Sci Adv, 2025, 11(17):eads1875
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Mol Cancer, 2024, 23(1):222
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Cell Death Dis, 2024, 15(8):608
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| S1236 |
Leucovorin Calcium Pentahydrate (Folinic acid)
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Leucovorin (Folinic acid) Calcium Pentahydrate is a derivative of folic acid, which can be used to increase levels of folic acid under conditions favouring folic acid inhibition.Solutions are unstable and should be fresh-prepared.
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J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2025, 44(1):13
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iScience, 2024, 27(10):110862
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Cell Rep Med, 2023, 4(10):101200
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