Syringic acid Antioxidant chemical

Syringic acid ameliorates the expressions of TH, DAT and VMAT2 and also significantly attenuates MPTP/p2 induced increased inflammatory markers expression[1]. This compound pretreatment obviously inhibits H2O2-induced RGC-5 cell injury and also decreases H2O2-induced ROS production and MDA content. It may protect RGC-5 cells against apoptosis induced by H2O2 through the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway[3]. This chemical shows a time- and dose-dependent (IC50 = 0.95-1.2 mg/mL) antimitogenic effect against cancer cells with little cytotoxicity on normal fibroblasts (≤20%). It alters cell cycle (S/G2-M or G1/G2-M phases) in a time-dependent manner, induces apoptosis, inhibits DNA-binding activity of NFκB (p ≤ 0.0001), chymotrypsin-like/PGPH (peptidyl-glutamyl peptide-hydrolyzing) (p ≤ 0.0001) and the trypsin-like (p ≤ 0.002) activities of 26S proteasome and Angiogenesis. It also differentially sensitizes cancer cells to standard chemotherapies with a marked increase in their sensitivity to camptothecin (500-fold), 5FU (20,000-fold), doxorubicin (210-fold), taxol (3134-fold), vinblastine (1000-fold), vincristine (130-fold) and amsacrine (107-fold) compared to standard drugs alone. This compound exerts its chemotherapeutic and chemo-sensitizing effects through an array of mechanisms including cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, inhibition of cell proliferation, cell migration, Angiogenesis, NFκB DNA-binding and proteasome activities[4].

Syringic acid has hepatoprotective effects in various animal models. Oral administration of this compound (10mg/kg of body weight) is reported partial recovery of learning and memory impairment by amyloid β induced neurotoxicity in mice. It also facilitates protective effects on kidney in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Antimicrobial activities of this chemical are also reported against various pathogens. Anticancer effects of it are explored on A549 lung carcinoma cells and is found to show apoptotic effects with an IC50 of 30 μM[1]. This acid attenuates the elevation of glycoprotein components in normal and diabetic rats. It may increase insulin secretion of pancreatic β-cells and normalize the plasma glucose level[2].