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TMZ(Temozolomide) Alkylating agent

Name: TMZ(Temozolomide)
Brand: Selleck Chemicals
SKU: S1237
Rating: 5 (246 reviews)

Cat.No.S1237

Temozolomide (TMZ) is a monofunctional SN-1 alkylating agent that can modify nitrogen atoms in the DNA ring and the extracyclic oxygen group, chemically converted to MTIC and degrades to methyldiazonium cation, which transfers methyl groups to DNA at physiologic pH. It is a DNA damage inducer in L-1210 and L-1210/BCNU cells. This compound induces apoptosis and exhibits antitumor activity.

Chemical Structure

Molecular Weight: 194.15

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Quality Control

Batch: Purity: 99.99%

99.99

Related Targets	HDAC PARP ATM/ATR DNA-PK WRN Topoisomerase PPAR Sirtuin Casein Kinase eIF
Other DNA/RNA Synthesis Inhibitors	CX-5461 (Pidnarulex) B02 SCR7 Favipiravir (T-705) EED226 RK-33 BMH-21 Triapine (3-AP) Carmofur YK-4-279

Cell Culture, Treatment & Working Concentration

Cell Lines	Assay Type	Concentration	Incubation Time	Formulation	Activity Description	PMID
Kelly	Growth Inhibition Assay		48 h		IC50=139.20 ± 5.95 μM	25960282
KellyCis83	Growth Inhibition Assay		48 h		IC50=251.00 ± 15.75 μM	25960282
SK-N-AS	Growth Inhibition Assay		48 h		IC50=227.70 ± 22.15 μM	25960282
SK-N-ASCis24	Growth Inhibition Assay		48 h		IC50=480.60 ± 101.15 μM	25960282
CHP-212	Growth Inhibition Assay		48 h		IC50=7.97 ± 0.69 μM	25960282
CHP-212Cis100	Growth Inhibition Assay		48 h		IC50=9.55 ± 0.88 μM	25960282
U87	Function Assay	100 μM	24-72 h		induces DcR1 expression	25808868
LN229	Growth Inhibition Assay	0-50 μM			IC50=16 μM	25750273
TR-LN229	Growth Inhibition Assay	0-50 μM			IC50=77 μM	25750273
U87	Apoptosis Assay	0–200 µM	24 h		enhances CQ induced apoptosis	25681668
U251MG	Apoptosis Assay	100 μM	48 h	PBS	induces apoptosis	25680464
U87MG	Apoptosis Assay	100 μM	48 h	PBS	induces apoptosis	25680464
U87	Growth Inhibition Assay	50-350 μM	48 h		inhibits cell growth slightly	25554223
U118	Growth Inhibition Assay	50-350 μM	48 h		inhibits cell growth slightly	25554223
U87	Function Assay	250/350 μM	48 h		enhances TMX-induced p-PKC-pan decrease	25554223
U118	Function Assay	250/350 μM	48 h		enhances TMX-induced p-PKC-pan decrease	25554223
U87	Growth Inhibition Assay	250/350 μM	48 h		increases the percentage of cells in S and G2/M cotreated with TMX	25554223
A375	Growth Inhibition Assay		48 h		IC50=265 μM	25524552
A2058	Growth Inhibition Assay		48 h		IC50=12 μM	25524552
M238	Growth Inhibition Assay		48 h		IC50=40 μM	25524552
M249	Growth Inhibition Assay		48 h		IC50=254 μM	25524552
M21	Growth Inhibition Assay		48 h		IC50=221 μM	25524552
U251	Cytotoxity Assay	20 μM	48 h		reduceds the percentages of colonies formed	25434381
LN229	Cytotoxity Assay	20 μM	48 h		reduceds the percentages of colonies formed	25434381
U373MG-LUC	Growth Inhibition Assay		72 h		IC50>600 μM	25431953
U87	Growth Inhibition Assay	25-200 μM	48 h		inhibits cell growth in a dose-dependent manner	25400745
U251	Growth Inhibition Assay	25-200 μM	48 h		inhibits cell growth in a dose-dependent manner	25400745
U251	Growth Inhibition Assay	100-400 μM	72/96 h		the anti-proliferative effect can be enhanced by gossypol enhanced	25375271
U373	Growth Inhibition Assay	100-400 μM	72/96 h		the anti-proliferative effect can be enhanced by gossypol enhanced	25375271
U343	Growth Inhibition Assay	100-400 μM	72/96 h		the anti-proliferative effect can be enhanced by gossypol enhanced	25375271
U87MG-luc2	Growth Inhibition Assay	100-400 μM	72/96 h		the anti-proliferative effect can be enhanced by gossypol enhanced	25375271
U87	Function Assay	200 μM	48 h		increases BRCC3 mRNA expression	25337721
U251	Function Assay	200 μM	48 h		increases BRCC3 mRNA expression	25337721
A172	Function Assay	200 μM	48 h		increases BRCC3 mRNA expression	25337721
U251	Function Assay	200 μM	48 h		increases the expression of BRCA1, BRCA2, RAD51 and FANCD2	25337721
A172	Function Assay	200 μM	48 h		increases the expression of BRCA1, BRCA2, RAD51 and FANCD2	25337721
U87	Function Assay	200 μM	24/72/120 h		increases γH2AX foci formation time-dependently	25337721
U251	Function Assay	200 μM	24/72/120 h		increases γH2AX foci formation time-dependently	25337721
A172	Function Assay	200 μM	24/72/120 h		increases γH2AX foci formation time-dependently	25337721
SNB19V	Growth Inhibition Assay		7 d	DMSO	GI50=35.7±12 μM	25277441
SNB19M	Growth Inhibition Assay		7 d	DMSO	GI50=469.9±88 μM	25277441
SNB19VR	Growth Inhibition Assay		7 d	DMSO	GI50=280.2±18 μM	25277441
U373V	Growth Inhibition Assay		7 d	DMSO	GI50=68.0±32 μM	25277441
U373M	Growth Inhibition Assay		7 d	DMSO	GI50=368.7±86 μM	25277441
U373VR	Growth Inhibition Assay		7 d	DMSO	GI50=288.8±33 μM	25277441
U87MG	Growth Inhibition Assay		7 d	DMSO	GI50=38.3±20 μM	25277441
HCT116	Growth Inhibition Assay		7 d	DMSO	GI50=579.9±32 μM	25277441
DLD1	Growth Inhibition Assay		7 d	DMSO	GI50=501.4±93 μM	25277441
MRC5	Growth Inhibition Assay		7 d	DMSO	GI50=449.4±8 μM	25277441
SNB19V	Function Assay	100 μM TMZ	0-72 h		increases γH2AX expression between 16 and 72 h	25277441
T98G	Growth Inhibition Assay	5/10/15 μM	24 h		induces cell death dose-dependently after concomitant-temozolomide with NPe6-PDT	25262961
U251	Growth Inhibition Assay	5/10/15 μM	24 h		induces cell death dose-dependently after concomitant-temozolomide with NPe6-PDT	25262961
T98G	Function Assay	15 μM	24 h		increases DNA-fragmentation in NPe6-PDT treated glioma cells	25262961
U251	Function Assay	15 μM	24 h		increases DNA-fragmentation in NPe6-PDT treated glioma cells	25262961
U-87 MG	Growth Inhibition Assay		72 h		IC50=0.93 mM	25245332
U-118 MG	Growth Inhibition Assay		72 h		IC50=1.05 mM	25245332
U87	Growth Inhibition Assay		24 h		IC50=260.34 μM	25173233
U87 GSLCs	Growth Inhibition Assay		24 h		IC50=766.11 μM	25173233
U87MG	Growth Inhibition Assay		72 h		IC50=15.625 μM	25050915
U251	Growth Inhibition Assay	100-400 μM	48 h	DMSO	inhibits cell growth in a dose-dependent manner	24623736
U87	Growth Inhibition Assay	100-400 μM	48 h	DMSO	inhibits cell growth in a dose-dependent manner	24623736
MDA-MB-231-br	Growth Inhibition Assay	0-10 μM	48 h	DMSO	inhibits cell growth in a dose-dependent manner	24623736
HCC-1937	Growth Inhibition Assay	0-300 μM	48 h	DMSO	inhibits cell growth in a dose-dependent manner	24623736
MDA-MB-231	Growth Inhibition Assay	0-40 μM	48 h	DMSO	inhibits cell growth in a dose-dependent manner	24623736
MDA-MB-468	Growth Inhibition Assay	0-500 μM	48 h	DMSO	inhibits cell growth in a dose-dependent manner	24623736
T47D	Growth Inhibition Assay	0-100 μM	48 h	DMSO	inhibits cell growth in a dose-dependent manner	24623736
MCF7	Growth Inhibition Assay	0-1000 μM	48 h	DMSO	inhibits cell growth in a dose-dependent manner	24623736
Hs683	Growth Inhibition Assay	0-1000 μM	96 h		IC50=128.9 μM	24495907
U87	Growth Inhibition Assay	0-1000 μM	96 h		IC50=18.45 μM	24495907
LNZ308	Growth Inhibition Assay	0-1000 μM	96 h		IC50=326.7 μM	24495907
U87	Apoptosis Assay	100 μM	48 h	DMSO	increases the caspase-3/7 activity	24481586
U251	Apoptosis Assay	100 μM	48 h	DMSO	increases the caspase-3/7 activity	24481586
U251	Growth Inhibition Assay		24 h		IC50=86.29 ± 1.58 μM	24326954
U251	Growth Inhibition Assay		48 h		IC50=75.34 ± 1.02 μM	24326954
U251	Growth Inhibition Assay		72 h		IC50=72.42 ± 1.45 μM	24326954
U251	Growth Inhibition Assay		96 h		IC50=69.82 ± 3.04 μM	24326954
T98G	Growth Inhibition Assay	0-750 μM	72/96 h		inhibits cell viability in a dose dependent manner	24324080
U251-MG	Growth Inhibition Assay	0-800 μM	72 h		inhibits cell viability in a dose dependent manner	24093630
D54-MG	Growth Inhibition Assay	0-800 μM	72 h		inhibits cell viability in a dose dependent manner	24093630
SHG-44	Growth Inhibition Assay	10-200 μM	96 h		IC50=9.73 ± 2.12 μM	24065569
U373	Growth Inhibition Assay	10-200 μM	96 h		IC50=10.13 ± 1.02 μM	24065569
HT-29	Function Assay	500 μM	24/48 h		enhances the levels of γ-H2AX	24038068
PC-3	Growth Inhibition Assay	0-25 μM	48 h		inhibits cell growth which can be potentiated by lycopene	23746934
PC-3	Apoptosis Assay	25 μM	48 h		induces apoptosis which can be potentiated by lycopene	23746934
T98G	Growth Inhibition Assay	50-400 μM	144 h		inhibits cell viability in a dose dependent manner	23715499
U87-MG	Growth Inhibition Assay	100 µM	72 h		inhibits cell growth which can be enhanced by GTB	23696788
U251-MG	Growth Inhibition Assay	100 µM	72 h		inhibits cell growth which can be enhanced by GTB	23696788
LNT-229	Growth Inhibition Assay	3-100 μM	24 h		inhibits clonogenic survival in a dose-dependent manner	23667632
T98G	Growth Inhibition Assay	10-700 μM	24 h		inhibits clonogenic survival in a dose-dependent manner	23667632
U87	Function Assay	100 µM	3 h		elevates the levels of pChk1 and pChk2	23667469
HCT116	Function Assay	100 µM	3 h		induces the Chk1 Phosphorylation	23667469
HCT3-6	Function Assay	100 µM	3 h		induces the Chk1 Phosphorylation	23667469
U-87	Growth Inhibition Assay	0-40 μM	12 d		inhibits cell growth in a dose-dependent manner	23645729
U-87	Apoptosis Assay	0-40 μM	3/6 d		induces apoptosis in both dose- and time-dependent manner	23645729
U-87	Function Assay	0-40 μM	3/6 d		induces autophagy in both dose- and time-dependent manner	23645729
GB-SCC010	Growth Inhibition Assay		4 d		IC50=226 μM	23612755
GB-SCC026	Growth Inhibition Assay		4 d		IC50=53.1 μM	23612755
GB-SCC028	Growth Inhibition Assay		4 d		IC50=167 μM	23612755
U87	Growth Inhibition Assay		4 d		IC50=45.2 μM	23612755
U87 stem cell	Growth Inhibition Assay		4 d		IC50=66.7 μM	23612755
TLX5 lymphoma	Cytotoxicity assay				IC50 = 5 μM	7739008
GM892 A	Cytotoxicity assay				IC50 = 7.6 μM	7739008
TLX5 lymphoma	Cytotoxicity assay				IC50 = 5 μM	12459014
HCT116	Cytotoxicity assay		4 days		IC50 = 4.34 μM	19800803
SNB75	Antiproliferative assay	10 uM	24 hrs		Antiproliferative activity against human SNB75 cells at 10 uM after 24 hrs by SRB assay	22268526
C6	Antiproliferative assay	100 uM	48 hrs		Antiproliferative activity against rat C6 cells at 100 uM after 48 hrs by neutral red incorporation assay	22268526
SF295	Antiproliferative assay	10 uM	24 hrs		Antiproliferative activity against human SF295 cells at 10 uM after 24 hrs by SRB assay	22268526
U87	Antiproliferative assay		5 days		IC50 = 49 μM	22608389
U138MG	Cytotoxicity assay		48 hrs		IC50 = 26 μM	23069682
C6	Cytotoxicity assay		48 hrs		IC50 = 34 μM	23069682
A2780	Antitumor assay		5 days		IC50 = 8.5 μM	23895620
A2058	Antitumor assay		5 days		IC50 = 35.5 μM	23895620
SNB19	Antitumor assay		5 days		IC50 = 37 μM	23895620
M8	Apoptosis assay	50 to 100 uM	48 hrs		Induction of apoptosis in human M8 cells assessed as apoptotic/necrotic cells at 50 to 100 uM after 48 hrs by APC-labeled annexin V and 7-AAD staining-based flow cytometric analysis	24125877
SK-MEL-30	Apoptosis assay	100 uM	48 hrs		Induction of apoptosis in human SK-MEL-30 cells assessed as apoptotic/necrotic cells at 100 uM after 48 hrs by APC-labeled annexin V and 7-AAD staining-based flow cytometric analysis relative to control	24125877
SK-MEL-30	Apoptosis assay	50 uM	48 hrs		Induction of apoptosis in human SK-MEL-30 cells assessed as apoptotic/necrotic cells at 50 uM after 48 hrs by APC-labeled annexin V and 7-AAD staining-based flow cytometric analysis relative to control	24125877
MNT1	Apoptosis assay	100 uM	48 hrs		Induction of apoptosis in human MNT1 cells assessed as apoptotic/necrotic cells at 100 uM after 48 hrs by APC-labeled annexin V and 7-AAD staining-based flow cytometric analysis relative to control	24125877
MNT1	Apoptosis assay	50 uM	48 hrs		Induction of apoptosis in human MNT1 cells assessed as apoptotic/necrotic cells at 50 uM after 48 hrs by APC-labeled annexin V and 7-AAD staining-based flow cytometric analysis relative to control	24125877
A2780	Cytotoxicity assay		5 days		Cytotoxicity against human A2780 cells after 5 days by MTT assay	24900418
A2780/CP70	Cytotoxicity assay		5 days		Cytotoxicity against MMR-deficient human A2780/CP70 cells after 5 days by MTT assay	24900418
GBM 047T	Antitumor assay	20 uM	1 to 2 weeks		Tumoricidal effect in patient derived GBM 047T cells assessed as reduction in neurosphere formation at 20 uM after 1 to 2 weeks by 3D tumor clonogenic assay	26355532
GBM 464T	Antitumor assay	20 uM	1 to 2 weeks		Tumoricidal effect in patient derived GBM 464T cells assessed as reduction in neurosphere formation at 20 uM after 1 to 2 weeks by 3D tumor clonogenic assay	26355532
U87MG	Function assay		3 hrs		Induction of DNA alkylation in human U87MG cells assessed as increase in N7-MedG formation after 3 hrs by LC-MS/MS analysis	27614414
U87MG	Antitumor assay				Antitumor activity against human U87MG cells orthotopically xenografted in Harlan nude mouse brain assessed as induction of slow tumor growth at 50 umol/kg, iv administered once daily for 5 days	27614414
U87MG	Antitumor assay				Antitumor activity against human U87MG cells orthotopically xenografted in Harlan nude mouse brain assessed as increase in mouse survival at 50 umol/kg, iv administered once daily for 5 days	27614414
MDCK	Cytotoxicity assay		24 hrs		Cytotoxicity against MDCK cells expressing carbonic anhydrase 9 assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs measured after 7 days under normoxic condition by methylene blue staining based clonogenic survival assay	27823879
MDCK	Cytotoxicity assay		24 hrs		Cytotoxicity against MDCK cells expressing carbonic anhydrase 9 assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs measured after 7 days under hypoxic condition by methylene blue staining based clonogenic survival assay	27823879
NB-EBc1	qHTS assay				qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells	29435139
C6	Cytotoxicity assay		4 days		EC50 = 16.5 μM	ChEMBL
U87	Cytotoxicity assay		72 hrs		IC50 = 19.38 μM	ChEMBL
SNB19	Growth inhibition assay		7 days		GI50 = 35.7 μM	ChEMBL
SNB19	Growth inhibition assay		7 days		GI50 = 45.6 μM	ChEMBL
U373	Function assay	100 uM	72 hrs		Induction of double stranded DNA break in empty vector transfected human U373 cells assessed as increase in gamma-H2AX level at 100 uM after 72 hrs by flow cytometry	ChEMBL
Glioma	Antitumor assay				Antitumor activity against Homo sapiens (human) Glioma cells xenografted in transgenic mouse assessed as mouse survival	ChEMBL
Click to View More Cell Line Experimental Data

Chemical Information, Storage & Stability

Molecular Weight	194.15	Formula	C₆H₆N₆O₂	Storage (From the date of receipt)	3 years-20°C （in the dark）powder
CAS No.	85622-93-1	Download SDF		Storage of Stock Solutions	1 year-80°Cin solvent 1 month-20°Cin solvent
Synonyms	NSC 362856,CCRG 81045,Methazolastone			Smiles	CN1C(=O)N2C=NC(=C2N=N1)C(=O)N

Solubility

In vitro
Batch:

DMSO : 39 mg/mL (200.87 mM) Warmed with 50°C water bath; Ultrasonicated;
(Moisture-contaminated DMSO may reduce solubility. Use fresh, anhydrous DMSO.)

Water : 10 mg/mL (超声加热五分钟)

Ethanol : Insoluble

Molarity Calculator

Mass	Concentration	Volume	Molecular Weight
=	×	×

Dilution Calculator Molecular Weight Calculator

In vivo Batch:
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Clear solution	5%DMSO 1 30%PEG300 2 65%ddH2O Validated by Selleck labs. Should you need adjustments to this formulation, contact our sales team for custom testing.	2.000mg/ml (10.30mM)	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 50 μL of 40 mg/ml clarified DMSO stock solution to 300 μL of PEG 300, mix evenly to clarify it; then continue to add 650 μL of ddH2O to adjust the volume to 1 mL. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Clear solution	5%DMSO 1 40%PEG300 2 5%Tween80 3 50%ddH2O Validated by Selleck labs. Should you need adjustments to this formulation, contact our sales team for custom testing.	2.000mg/ml (10.30mM)	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 50 μL of 40 mg/ml clarified DMSO stock solution to 400 μL of PEG300, mix evenly to clarify it; add 50 μL of Tween80 to the above system, mix evenly to clarify; then continue to add 500 μL of ddH2O to adjust the volume to 1 mL. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.
Clear solution	5% DMSO 1 95% Corn oil Validated by Selleck labs. Should you need adjustments to this formulation, contact our sales team for custom testing.	0.400mg/ml (2.06mM)	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 50 μL of 8 mg/ml clear DMSO stock solution to 950 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Clear solution	5%DMSO 1 Corn oil Validated by Selleck labs. Should you need adjustments to this formulation, contact our sales team for custom testing.	2.000mg/ml (10.30mM)	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 50 μL of 40 mg/ml clear DMSO stock solution to 950 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Clear solution	5%DMSO 1 Corn oil Validated by Selleck labs. Should you need adjustments to this formulation, contact our sales team for custom testing.	5.000mg/ml (25.75mM)	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 50 μL of 100 mg/ml clear DMSO stock solution to 950 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.

In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)

Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)

Dosage: mg/kg Average weight of animals: g Dosing volume per animal:μL Number of animals:

Step 2: Enter the in vivo formulation (This is only the calculator, not formulation. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation at the solubility Section.)

% DMSO + % + % Tween 80 + % ddH₂O

%DMSO+ %

Calculation results:

Working concentration: mg/ml;

Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO ( Master liquid concentration mg/mL, Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )

Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH₂O, mix and clarify.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.

Note: 1. Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2. Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.

Mechanism of Action

Features	Methazolastone is a second-generation alkylating agent.
Targets/IC₅₀/Ki	DNA replication (L-1210, L-1210/BCNU cells)
In vitro	Temozolomide (TMZ) causes formation of DNA alkali-labile sites which are present in similar amounts and repaired at a similar rate in L-1210 and L-1210/BCNU cell lines. In L-1210 but not in L-1210/BCNU this compound induces an arrest of cells in SL-G2-M phases. Its sensitivity of both chemo-sensitive and resistant cells (D54-R and U87-R) is enhanced significantly under hyperoxia. Both it and hyperoxia are associated with increased phosphorylation of ERK p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2), but to a lesser extent in D54-R cells, suggesting that Erk1/2 activity may be involved in regulation of hyperoxia and TMZ-mediated cell death. Hyperoxia enhances its toxicity in GBM cells by induction of apoptosis, possibly via MAPK-related pathways. It induces in monocytes the DNA damage response pathways ATM-Chk2 and ATR-Chk1 resulting in p53 activation. Chronic exposure to this compound results in acquired TMZ-resistance and elevates miR-21 expression. Treatment with it triggers endoplasmic reticula (ER) stress with increased expression of GADD153 and GRP78 proteins, and deceases pro-caspase 12 protein. It induces Autophagy through mitochondrial damage- and ER stress-dependent mechanisms to protect glioma cells.
In vivo	After a daily i.p. dose of 40 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days (days 1-5 after tumor transplant), TMZ (Temozolomide) increases life-span by 86% in L-1210 and 22% in L-1210/BCNU. In L-1210/BCNU no effect is seen after 100 μM or 200 μM treatment; only 400 μM of this compound produced an accumulation of cells in premitotic phase but much less than in L-1210. In L-1210/BCNU the maximum accumulation of cells in SL-G2-M is, after 48 hours-72 hours, approximately 30% as compared to 23% in untreated cells. Cells accumulates in SL-G2-M occurred too when L- 1210 leukemia-bearing mice are treated i.v. with it (40 mg/kg). No such effect is seen on L-1210/BCNU cells from mice given the same drug dose.
References	[1] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3621181/ [2] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22763762/ [3] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22768182/ [4] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22753745/ [5] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22745676/ [6] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22627392/

Applications

Methods	Biomarkers	PMID
Western blot	pERK / ERK / p-p38 / p38 DR5 / c-FLIP / Survivin / XIAP	24436439
Growth inhibition assay	Cell viability	25751281
Immunofluorescence	Phalloidin / Phospho-H2A.X cleaved caspase-3	27375225

Clinical Trial Information

(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2024-05-22)

NCT Number	Recruitment	Conditions	Sponsor/Collaborators	Start Date	Phases
NCT05128734	Not yet recruiting	Breast Cancer Triple Negative	AHS Cancer Control Alberta	July 1 2024	Phase 2
NCT06161974	Not yet recruiting	High Grade Glioma\|Astrocytoma\|Astrocytoma Grade III\|Astrocytoma Grade IV\|Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma\|WHO Grade III Glioma\|WHO Grade IV Glioma\|Metastatic Brain Tumor\|Diffuse Midline Glioma H3 K27M-Mutant\|Thalamus Tumor\|Spinal Tumor\|IDH1 Mutation\|IDH1 R132\|IDH1 R132C\|IDH1 R132H\|IDH1 R132S\|IDH1 R132G\|IDH1 R132L\|Oligodendroglioma	Rigel Pharmaceuticals\|Nationwide Children''s Hospital	June 2024	Phase 2
NCT04967690	Not yet recruiting	Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma	Double Bond Pharmaceutical AB	January 2024	Phase 1
NCT05698524	Recruiting	Recurrent High Grade Glioma\|Anaplastic Astrocytoma\|Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma\|Glioblastoma\|Gliosarcoma	University of Nebraska\|Xynomic Pharmaceuticals Inc.	June 26 2023	Phase 1
NCT04945148	Not yet recruiting	Glioblastoma IDH-wildtype	Hopital Foch\|National Cancer Institute France	May 2023	Phase 2

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